Differential GPS survey using paired base and rover receivers to resolve centimetre-level positions. Used to establish ground control points, geodetic networks, and boundary coordinates that other survey methods reference.
Typical outputs include control point coordinate lists, geodetic network reports, and boundary demarcation datasets ready for legal or engineering use.
| Parameter | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Horizontal accuracy | ± 8–15 mm (RTK fixed) |
| Vertical accuracy | ± 15–25 mm |
| Equipment | Dual-frequency GNSS base & rover |
| Typical use | Control networks, boundary points |
| Deliverable | Coordinate list, network report |
| Parameter | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Point density | Up to 200+ pts/m² |
| Coverage | Large corridors, forested terrain |
| Platform | UAV-mounted LiDAR sensor |
| Strength | Vegetation penetration to bare-earth |
| Deliverable | Classified point cloud, DTM/DSM |
Laser scanning flown from UAV platforms captures dense 3D point clouds of the ground and structures. Because LiDAR pulses penetrate gaps in vegetation canopy, it produces accurate bare-earth terrain models even in cropped or partially wooded sites.
Applied to corridor mapping for roads and transmission lines, cut-fill volume calculations, and rapid terrain modelling over large sites.
Complete terrain mapping capturing contours, natural features and man-made structures across a site. Combines field instrumentation with processed drone or DGPS data to build accurate elevation models.
Produces Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and contour maps used as the base layer for civil engineering design, irrigation planning and site development.
| Parameter | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Contour interval | 0.25 m – 1 m (site-dependent) |
| Method | DGPS + total station / drone photogrammetry |
| Typical use | Civil design, irrigation planning |
| Deliverable | DEM, contour map, feature survey |
| Parameter | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Water bodies | Rivers, reservoirs, coastal areas |
| Measures | Depth profile, sedimentation, shoreline change |
| Method | Single/multi-beam echo sounding + DGPS |
| Deliverable | Bathymetric chart, depth contour map |
Underwater bathymetric mapping of rivers, reservoirs and coastal stretches. Depth soundings are tied to DGPS positioning to produce accurate underwater terrain and shoreline data.
Supports reservoir capacity studies, sedimentation monitoring, and coastal or riverbank change analysis for water management projects.
Boundary demarcation, subdivision and revenue survey work aligned to Andhra Pradesh government requirements — including layout approvals and documentation needed for property and RERA registration.
Field boundary points are tied to DGPS control, cross-checked against revenue records, and delivered as approval-ready plans.
| Parameter | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Services | Boundary, subdivision, revenue survey |
| Compliance | AP government / RERA requirements |
| Deliverable | Layout plan, boundary certificate |
| Parameter | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Data sources | Satellite imagery + field survey |
| Output formats | GIS layers, spatial database, maps |
| Typical use | Smart city & agricultural planning |
| Deliverable | GIS database, thematic maps |
Spatial data processing, GIS database creation and map production, integrating satellite imagery with field survey data into a single, usable spatial layer set.
Used for smart city planning, agricultural monitoring, and municipal asset or infrastructure mapping.
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